Slavery The End Of The Civil War - 1543 Words

â€Å"Slavery is founded in the selfishness of man s nature -- opposition to it is in his love of justice. These principles are an eternal antagonism; and when brought into collision so fiercely, as slavery extension brings them, shocks, and throes, and convulsions must ceaselessly follow. Repeal the Missouri Compromise -- repeal all compromises -- repeal the declaration of independence -- repeal all past history, you still can not repeal human nature. It still will be the abundance of man s heart, that slavery extension is wrong; and out of the abundance of his heart, his mouth will continue to speak.† -Abraham Lincoln, on Slavery, 1854 Multiple issues among the North and the South contributed to the start of the Civil War in America, but the main conflict was the exchange of clashing views on slavery. In the North, slavery had already become less prevalent and disfavored among many. Businesses began to trade out slaves for paid workers, abolition movements gained support, and many began to see that slavery was immoral. The opposing southerners believed that slavery could be defended because of its economic benefits, biblical justifications, the belief that it was beneficial for non-slaveholding whites, and the idea that slaves were better off than the white wage workers in the North. Although the antislavery position eventually prevailed, each stance on slavery had legitimate arguments that could be validated. The North The North wasShow MoreRelatedEssay on Abraham Lincoln: Slavery and The End of the Civil War646 Words   |  3 Pageshe was right, because even 150 years later it is not a completely smooth situation. Yes, by todays standards his thinking was short-sighted and perhaps even wrong, but in his day his thinking was considered progressive, even radical. Above ending slavery Lincoln best interest was to preserve the union. The President can hire and fire the Generals who would have engaged the Confederacys troops (primarily General Robert E.Lees forces) and so as Commander-in-Chief he and his best advisers saved theRead MoreThe American Abolitionists Book Review Essay1214 Words   |  5 Pagesabolishing slavery in the United States. It examines the movement from its origin in the 18century in the course of the Civil War and the elimination of slavery in 1856. American Abolitionists book focuses on the American Abolitionists who struggled to end slavery and advocated for equal rights for all African Americans in the United States. Harrold mainly focuses his book on the abolitionist movement and the effect of slaves on its expansion. The book uncovers how abolitionist fought for the end of slaveryRead MorePrimary Cause Of The Civil War Essay838 Words   |  4 Pages The Civil War began from the battle at Fort Sumter, where the Confederacy took Fort Sumter from the Union.The root of the Civil War is pr obably one of the most disputed topics in American history. Some historians argue that slavery was the primary cause of the American Civil War, whereas others argue that slavery may have been a reason, but not the primary cause of the Civil War. They argued that the main reason of the Civil War was State’s rights were being jeopardized, which led to the State’sRead MoreSlavery And The Civil War1706 Words   |  7 Pagesitself. The United States were no longer united, mainly over the issue of slavery. In fact, many historians believe that, â€Å"From the nation’s founding, the issue of slavery threatened to tear the United States apart.† (â€Å"The Civil War† 1). The issue of slavery was always kept at bay through the utilization of various compromises; however a permanent solution was never sought after by the government. The peoples’ perspective of slavery differed by region. In the South, the economy was extremely reliant onRead MoreTurni ng Point Of History : The Civil War1737 Words   |  7 Pagesin History The civil war was a turning point in history due to the changes that happened in slavery, military innovations and how it brought the North and South together. In this paper I will be arguing how the civil war is a major turning point in history and how it affected the United States. The civil war really determined what kind of nation the U.S. would be and whether or not it would continue to exist as the world’s largest slaveholding country in the world. The Civil War was one of the mostRead MoreTaking a Look at the American Civil War896 Words   |  4 PagesMany events during the mid-1700-1800s provoked the civil war because of the contradicting ideas between the northern states and the southern states. The conflict between the north and south that led to the civil war includes economic, social, and political events. At the meantime, slavery arose as a huge debate between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery faction. Fierce debates had sparked between the north and south states because of the southern states’ agrarian based economy. The geography in theRead MoreAbraham Lincolns Accomplishments During his Presidency Essays532 Words   |  3 Pagesabolish slavery and introduce a new era and shape america how it is today. Not only is he one of the most prominent leaders of the Civil War but an early influence and catalyst on the later Civil Rights Movement. Abe Lincoln accomplished many things during the civil war. Abe Lincoln was a great leader and president. He ended slavery in the U.S. during his time period. During the year 1860, slavery was one of the biggest problems in america. Abe Lincoln, president at the time, was against slavery. DuringRead MoreThe Main Cause Of The American Civil War1047 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Civil war must be resolved, and while there are many ideas, history reveals that there was only one. There are many arguable motives to the start of the Civil War, but there are four main concepts. These four concepts were slavery, taxation, the election of Abraham Lincoln and lastly, struggling with power between the Northern and Southern states. To start with, the end of slavery is undoubtedly one of the most popular arguments to the creation of the Civil War. While many consider slavery asRead MoreThe Causes Of The Civil War1016 Words   |  5 Pages In 1861, a Civil War broke out in the United States when the South declared their independence from the Union.  There is a great amount of reasons that people can argue how the Civil War was started. However, what most people don’t understand, is that most of the events leading up to the Civil War were related to slavery.  Slavery was the core of the North and South’s conflict, which led to a very vicious feud.   The immediate cause of the war was slavery. Southern states, including the 11 statesRead MoreEssay On The Causes Of The Civil War936 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War, a groundbreaking war, between the Union and Confederacy was a war of uncompromising disagreements. The Civil War was a war fought in various places throughout the United States from 1861 to 1865. Over 237- named battles were fought and a couple famous ones being the â€Å"Battle of Fort Sumter†, and â€Å"Battle of Palmito Ranch†. The victory was for the Union, however there was a point in the Civil War where the Confederacy was winning which left the people astonished. The Civil war was caused

The Yellow Wallpaper Short Story Essay - 810 Words

Kayli Conrad Professor Lindquist ENG 102-I01 October 27th, 2017 Short Story Essay â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a 6,000 word short story written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. This story first appeared in The New England Magazine in January 1892 and became a classic in the realm of gothic literature. Although this story does provide information regarding feminism, the ghostly horror prevails itself throughout this story. Gilman’s story depicts elements that definitely link it to the Gothic genre. Not only does â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† contain haunting features in the character’s life, but also provides its own twist of a ghost story. It is difficult to fully understand the whole gothic background of this story without examining the background of†¦show more content†¦As her isolation proceeds, she becomes terrified by the room, especially the wallpaper. She starts to describe it in a disturbing fashion. She claims that it commits â€Å"every artistic sin.† (Gilman, 381) When reporting on the progression of the pattern, her words use morbid imagery, â€Å"†¦they suddenly commit suicide – plunge off at outrageous angles, destroy themselves in unheard of contradictions.† (Gilman, 381) She later becomes obsessed and terrified by the woman she sees hiding behind the pattern of the wallpaper. The woman in the wallpaper is her reoccurring nightmare that will never leave. What would seem to be a pleasant mundane setting is suddenly transformed into an abhorrent and distressing situation. She requests that he allow her to move to another room, but he declines. She writes about her request for him to get rid of her torments, â€Å"At first he meant to repaper the room, but afterwards he said that I was letting it get the better of me, and that nothing was worse for a nervous patient than to give away to such fancies.† (Gilman, 382) John provides false hope that the horror she lives in will soon be resolved. As time goes on, her hope for this renovation of the yellow wallpaper dissipates into nothing. Her terror increases just as her loneliness. Everlastingly so, the nighttime is the worst. As the moon rises, so do the bars which contain the woman hiding in the wallpaper. This woman comes to haunt the patient and fill her veins with unrelentingShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Charlotte Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper969 Words   |  4 PagesYellow Wallpaper Annotated Bibliography Frye, C.B. Using Literature in Health Care: Reflections on The Yellow Wallpaper. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. (32: 7). 1998. 829.33. Print. Most people who wrote about The Yellow Wallpaper do so from the perspective of a literary scholar. This however is written by someone in the health care field. C.B. Frye says that fiction can impact the larger world; in this case it impacted mental health and the work of Gillmans doctor, S Weir Mitchell. AlthoughRead Moreâ€Å"the Yellow Wallpaper† an Opinion on the Critical Essay â€Å"Haunted House/Haunted Heroine: Female Gothic Closets in â€Å"the Yellow Wallpaper†Ã¢â‚¬  by Carol Margaret Davison1177 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† An opinion on the critical essay â€Å"Haunted House/Haunted Heroine: Female Gothic Closets in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†Ã¢â‚¬  by Carol Margaret Davison Rebecca Olds V00698066 English 125 Y. Levin April 2nd, 2009 â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is a short story written in the late 1800’s about a woman with post-partum depression who becomes increasingly mad because of society’s, as well as her husband’s, repression. The critical essay â€Å"Haunted House/HauntedRead MoreThe Deeper Meaning of The Yellow Wallpaper1257 Words   |  6 PagesCharlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story, The Yellow Wallpaper, is the disheartening tale of a woman suffering from postpartum depression. Set during the late 1890s, the story shows the mental and emotional results of the typical rest cure prescribed during that era and the narrator’s reaction to this course of treatment. It would appear that Gilman was writing about her own anguish as she herself underwent such a treatment with Dr. Silas Weir Mitchell in 1887, just two years after the birth ofRead MoreThe Deconstruction Of The Yellow Wallpaper Essay1196 Words   |  5 PagesThe deconstruction of The Yellow Wallpaper The topic of discussion for this essay is a story written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman called The Yellow wallpaper. Firstly, several pieces of evidence within the text prove that the genre of the story is irony, in accordance with Frye s theory of myths. This essay shows exactly how those instances exemplify the genre of irony. Additionally, from a deconstructive point of view, there is a central binary of constraint and freedom. The examples fromRead More Gilman Exposed in The Yellow Wallpaper1290 Words   |  6 PagesGilman Exposed in The Yellow Wallpaper      Ã‚   Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story, The Yellow Wallpaper, is the disheartening tale of a woman suffering from postpartum depression. Set during the late 1890s, the story shows the mental and emotional results of the typical rest cure prescribed during that era and the narrator’s reaction to this course of treatment. It would appear that Gilman was writing about her own anguish as she herself underwent such a treatment with Dr. Silas Weir MitchellRead MoreGender Roles : The Yellow Wallpaper983 Words   |  4 PagesWhen â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was written women and men were not viewed as equals in society. The historical context of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is revealed through minor characters in the short story and what they do. John, the narrator’s husband is a physician; in addition, the narrator’s unnamed brother is also a physician. In contrast Jennie, the narrator’s sister-in-law is a housekeeper and takes care of the narrator, during her stay at the house. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† it is revealed that genderRead MoreComparison and Contrast of the Yellow Wallpaper and the Rose for Emily1078 Words   |  5 PagesParis Claypool Eng 120 Essay 1 06/12/2010 A Rose for Emily and The Yellow Wallpaper â€Å"A Rose for Emily’’ By William Faulkner and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman,† are two short stories that both incorporate qualities of similarities and difference. Both of the short stories are about how and why these women changed for lunacy. These women are forced into solitude because of the fact that they are women. Emily’s fatherRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper and Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been850 Words   |  4 PagesComparison of the characterization in The Yellow Wallpaper and Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? In the two short stories, The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? by Joyce Carol Oates, the narrator of The Yellow Wallpaper and Connie from Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? both deal with some eerie situations. In The Yellow Wallpaper written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the narrator suffers from nervous depressionRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman699 Words   |  3 Pageswas published the Nationalist magazine. During that year she fell in love with writing and begin to write fifteen essays, poems, a novel, and short stories. She also became a role model for the feminist movement for her unusual image and behavior. In her intriguing short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, she portrays her feministic point of views. The narrator of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is an unnamed woman. She recently had a child and is going through post-partum depression. Her and her family decidedRead MoreYellow Wallpaper1095 Words   |  5 PagesGilman’s â€Å" The Yellow Wallpaper† is a perfect example of these themes. In writing this story, Charlotte Perkins Gilman drew upon her own personal experiences with hysteria. The adoption of the sick-role was a product of-and a reaction against gender norms and all of the pressures and tensions that their satisfaction demanded. Gilman’s essay uses autobiographical experiences displayed as doppelganger quality the in the main narrator of the story, Jane. Set during the late 1890s, the story shows the mental

Playing God In Frankenstein - 1159 Words

Scientist and Doctors over the decades have always pushed the limits and defying the odds in science and the medical field whether it is finding the cure for cancer,using robotic or prosthetic limbs for individuals with missing arms and legs etc. Usually we end up with information and cures that could help us in the future and gives us more insight on the scientific field, there are a few cases where science and medical experiments have gone majorly wrong, but let’s say hypothetically if something were to go wrong, where would we draw the line of too far when coming to experiments? Playing God has been much debated, but what do we really mean by the phrase playing god? According to CollinsDictionary.com the term ‘playing god’ refers†¦show more content†¦We also see that Victor Frankenstein has always been alone and this leads him to his madness as understood in chapter 3: â€Å"...I, who had ever been surrounded by amiable companions, continually eng aged in endeavoring to bestow mutual pleasure-I was now alone. In the university whither I was going I must form my own friends and be my own protector. (46), Victor understands that he has no one is by his side and that he truly is on his own. This quote sets up his obsession with alchemy; eventually leading to him molding,building and creating a twisted version of human-kind to creating the monster. The audience can assume that Victor runs to his knowledge and education as his form of a friend. Victor works tirelessly to not only build, but perfect his creature to his liking for two long years. Believing that he has the solution to betterment of humankind, he loses sleep and cuts off all contact with family we see the effects of his madness while building his creation has not only affected him emotionally, but also physically as clearly stated: â€Å"Every night I was oppressed by a slow fever,Show MoreRelatedConsequences For Playing God By Victor Frankenstein1438 Words   |  6 PagesCody Flowers Miss. Sibbach English IV 11 December, 2015 Consequences for Playing God Victor Frankenstein in the book Frankenstein faces many terrible situations and has to face many consequences for trying to play God’s role in creating life. Victor seen and dealt with many situations as a young boy that will lead to his madness and obsession with science. Victor has always been intrigued with science and life ever since he was a boy. He studied natural science endlessly trying to master how to createRead MoreFrankenstein: The Danger in Knowledge, Science and Playing God 1846 Words   |  7 Pagesrepresentation of the dangers of playing with science? Is he representative of the dangers of pursuing knowledge? Alternatively, does he reveal to us the dangers of playing God? Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein uses Victor Frankenstein’s creation to expose the dangers of knowledge and playing God. Shelley exposes the readers to how in the pursuit of knowledge, man too often opens Pandora’s Box and unleashes unforeseen dangers unto the world. Shelley u ses Victor Frankenstein and his creation to expose howRead MorePlaying God in Shelleys Frankenstein Essay1202 Words   |  5 PagesFor as long as science has existed to satisfy mans appetite for knowledge and exploration, there have been people with the belief that science is none other than mans attempt to play God. The 19th century was a time of enlightenment where philosophical thought began and mans concern to better himself in a psychological form developed. During this time of enlightenment and exploration however, the standards of Christianity and ethical thought challenged science and its moral reasoning. DespiteRead MoreEssay on Playing God in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1917 Words   |  8 Pages     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What differentiates Mary Shelly’s novel, Frankenstein from the majority of horror novels are the very real and timeless themes it explores.   The overriding theme of the novel - scientific investigation without consideration of morality and responsibility is still an important topic in today’s world.   â€Å"Perhaps the reality of cloning and genetic engineering makes this theme more relevant today than when Frankenstein was first published†(Patterson). This theme, along with the more subtleRead More Playing God in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay5215 Words   |  21 PagesAristotle defines the tragic hero as a man of high social status who invites the gods to punish him through overbearing pride and/or presumption – hubris. It would be simple to assign the label of hubristic tragic hero to Victor Frankenstein, but such assignment of a label would be an oversimplification. The gods in Greek drama punish, albeit harshly, in an outright manner. The tragic figure is aware that the gods have forsaken him, and he resigns to live his life under the demands of retributionRead MoreThe God Facade : A Look Into Mary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Dangers Of Playing God1209 Words   |  5 PagesThe God Faà §ade: A Look into Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and The Dangers of Playing God. Frankenstein by author Mary Shelley is a Gothic science fiction novel written in Switzerland between 1816–1817, and published January 1, 1818. Set in eighteenth century Geneva, Frankenstein tells the story of a young man named Victor who goes away to college to study natural philosophy, chemistry, and alchemy. When armed with the knowledge he has long been seeking, Victor spends months constructing a creatureRead MoreVictor As A God Figure1710 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish 4 17 December 2015 Victor as a God Figure Many people in history have tried to play the role of God by taking other people’s lives and trying to do what has never been done before, creating a new species. In the novel Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein accomplished this goal by creating the monster thus playing the role of God. There are even many hints and lines in the story that are related to biblical stories and ideas to compare Victor as God or a father figure towards the creatureRead MoreFrankenstein by Mary Shelly and the Island of Dr. Moreau by H.G. Comparritive Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesTwo Mad Scientists Trying to Play God By Bonique Obermuller ENG 4UO Terry Pratchett once said, â€Å"God does not play dice with the universe; He plays an ineffable game of His own devising, which might be compared, from the perspective of any of the other players.† In the novels Frankenstein by Mary Shelly and The Island of Dr. Moreau by H.G. Wells the characters Victor Frankenstein and Dr. Moreau are scientists who take their experiments too far. Both Victor and Moreau are very smartRead MoreWho Is The Villain? - Frankenstein Or The Monster?1206 Words   |  5 PagesMarch 9, 2015 Who is the Villain? – Frankenstein or the Monster? Every story has its hero and villain. Some authors’ works easily clarify the debate between which character is the ultimate protagonist or the antagonist, but sometimes the author tries to toy with readers’ minds. Similarly, Frankenstein’s author, Marry Shelley is one of the authors who is not straightforward about who is the villain in her novel. In Frankenstein, both the Monster and Victor Frankenstein could be considered the villainsRead MoreComparing Frankenstein And The Creature981 Words   |  4 PagesAt the first glance, Victor Frankenstein and his Creature appear as complete opposites with little to nothing in common. Victor seems intelligent and humane while the Creature’s actions insinuate that he possesses uneducated and monstrous qualities. After becoming more familiar with the characters and their actions, the pair still seem to have a few differences; however, they share some key characteristics. Finally, after analyzing Frankenstein and the Creature’s personalities and habits, it becomes

On the oversea Merger and Acquisition of China Company (6007 words) Essay Example For Students

On the oversea Merger and Acquisition of China Company (6007 words) Essay On the oversea Merger and Acquisition of China CompanyOn the oversea Merger and Acquisition of China Company1. IntroductionThe global economic integration and global economic liberalization has promoted the fast growth of international merger acquisition (MA). With the deep development of global economy, MA is booming like rising wind and scudding cloud, which has became one of the most important impetus of foreign direct investment (FDI) theories and global economic development. Therefore, comprehensive analyses of relevant theories and practices as well as relevant summaries of experience and lessons in these activities are of big significance. Especially in China, all of those will do much favor in the aspect of improving Chinese enterprises proficiency in the worldwide competition. Despite of some limitations, the features of this dissertation can be summarized as follows:On the basis of related theories of international M;A, this paper chooses some innovative but important prob lems in oversea M;A activities such as financial strategic issues, financial risks and performance appraisal, which are rarely covered in existing literatures on this subject. The study on the financial problems of Chinese oversea M;A is closely according to both successful and failed cases of Chinese enterprises which show a scientific attitude of this dissertation towards this subject. This dissertation has filled in some blank arrears in this subject and hence it has preferable value to helping Chinese enterprises to improve multinational operation and build up global competitiveness in the world. 1.1Research backgroundStigler G. J. (1993) has conducted an investigation on the American large enterprises and pointed out that almost all the large enterprises researched were beneficial from the manner of M;A to some extent and almost all the American large enterprises did not depend mainly on internal expansion to make a difference. Despite the American large enterprises, historically speaking, the development of all the international enterprises across the world had demonstrated this argument and in some degree the history of international enterprises is the history of international M;A. So far there have existed five significant M;A waves in the history since 1870s. The first one occurred in 1870s and the period from 1898 to 1903 was the highlight of it. The first one was focused on the M;A in homogeneous industries which was actually horizontal M;A. The second one, on the contrary, was vertical which happened among enterprises of different levels in homogeneous industry. It ex isted from about 1916 to 1929. Moreover monopolies also appeared in several industries during the second period. From 1950s to the end of 1960s, the third M;A stream happened and it featured M;A diversification among different industries rather than homogeneous industry. From the middle of 1970s to 1980s, it was the time of the fourth one and it was characteristic of hostile takeover and leverage buyout through wide use of financial instrument. With the fast development of globalization, investment liberalization, international trade liberalization and capital market integration, a new highlight happened from the middle of 1990s till now. Compared with the former ones, the latest has many special characteristics. Firstly the scale of it is rather large. From the year of 1990 to the year of 2004, the number of M;A cases across the world has increased from 9000 to 20000 and the money used in relevant fields of M;A has also rose from 290 billion dollars to 1844 billion dollars. According the data from Dealogic which serves as the supplier of global financial data, the total money spend on M;A across the world in 2005 reached 2900 billion dollars which increased by 40% compared with that in 2004 and ranked number one during the period from the year of 2000 till now. Moreover, the money spent on single M;A case has also reached the top of its history. For example, in 2000 American Online purchased Time Warner at the cost of 155 billion dollars. In 1999, Pfizer spent 82.4 billion dollar on the purchase of Warner-Lambert. Exxon took over Mobil at the cost of 8.14 billion dollar in 1998. Then the second characteristic is that the horizontal type of M;A captures the predominant position. Most of the existing M;A events have adopted horizontal manner, namely M;A among homogeneous industry and took place on a large scale. Furthermore, these M;A events have promoted the birth of the largest oil company, the largest financial organisation and the largest electronic communication corporation across the world. Then another characteristic is that M;A is covering more and more industries. The fifth stream not only included emerging industries takeovers of traditional industries but also could be seen in some fields with highly dense technology and capital, such as private care market, financial service, air transportation, oil market and voyage facilities market. International MA has covered those fields frequently. In addition, the electronic communication industry covered one third of the contemporary total MA activities in the year of 2000. Then the MA within emerging industries showed most active and successful. To emerging industry, the technological innovation and development play a crucial role in their survival and sustainability. However, the life cycle of products has decreased much; additionally the risk and cost in the innovation of advanced technologies have increased. In order to obtain new technologies and capture new market share quickly, many enterprises chose the manner of takeover, because its advantages of saving much money spend on development and trade. Moreover this manner also can overcome the shortcoming of incompletion of middle product market and quickly benefit from the products through the expansion of market scale. The last characteristic is the change in the frequency of takeover across the world. Unlike previous time, takeover seemed to be more active in the developing countries rather than in the developed countries. In developed countries this action shows a tendency to decrease while in developing countries it is more and more active. In China the fact that many multinational enterprises take over local ones is not fresh and some excellent enterprises born under the context of opening policy also begin to take over foreign ones. With the help of the strategic policy of opening, Chinese economy received a rapid development and many enterprises began keeping their eyes on outer markets and showed a great interest in entering foreign countries. Since the entry into WTO, with the hope of developing them and gaining global competitive advantages through oversea MA activities, a growing number of Chinese enterprises treated MA as the main manner to conduct foreign direct investment. For example, CNOOC has taken over Unocal, PetrolChina has taken over the PK Petrol Company, TCL purchased the color TV operation of Thomson and Lenovo Company has taken over the PC (private computer) department of IBM. According to data released by Chinese Ministry of Commerce in 2005, there were more than 100 enterprises applied the manner of MA and the money invested in oversea takeover increased fast by the range of 70% in the passed 4 years. Oversea MA has become the most popular way for Chinese enterprises to realize their going out strategy. Oversea takeover covered 54.7% of the total foreign direct investment in 2004. From accurate data, the money used in purchase of foreign companies has increased by 50% in China in the year of 2003, which has reached 7 billion dollars. In general, Chinese enterprises oversea M;A activities all possess a clear strategic and planned intention, aiming at improving their competitive advantages in both the domestic and global market as well as getting diffe rent rare and useful resources. Nevertheless, Chinese enterprises MA strategies are always confronted with a lot trouble. Some received a little achievement while some had to stop in the half way and another even was bogged down in the risk of high loss. The reasons are various but the main ones are the following two aspects. On the one hand, there existed a great gap between Chinese capital market and international capital market, which resulted in the difficulty of financing in oversea takeover. On the other hand, they put all of their energies in the overall strategic objectives while overlook explicit financial designs and detailed plans. Moreover, the lack of professional experts in international MA and skills in financing, the lack of analyses and precaution against the financial risks during the MA process and the lack of ability to improve performance and gain benefits are also serious barriers in the way of Chinese enterprises oversea M;A. 1.2The research aims and objective sFacing serious situations, most Chinese enterprises are still unaware of their own situations in the world, and could not clearly design their financial strategies as well as relevant financial requirements. The consideration of relevant payment ways and financing channels are usually set away. Then Chinese enterprises lack an overall assessment about all kinds of risks and prepare no effective measures, which usually result in the financial problems, loss and bankrupt not speak to realize the previous strategic intentions. In addition, they have not achieved an effective way of performance appraisal These all are the key barriers in the way of Chinese enterprises oversea MA and these also are the objectives that this dissertation will be focused on. From the above mentioned introduction of Chinese background, Chinese enterprises oversea M;A was mainly prevented by financial problems. For one thing, the domestic financial market lacks complete financing channels which made those en terprises have to face serious capital problems. For another, the lack of professionals in the field of international financial management, vague strategies and poor skills all have limited the performance of Chinese M;A practices. Do Chinese enterprises have no hope to conduct successful M;A? How can they manage to overcome their financial barriers? This dissertation chooses the financial perspective and explores the financial problems in Chinese enterprises MA so as to demonstrate that it is feasible for Chinese enterprises to conduct successful MA. In addition, this dissertation also makes detailed suggestions for them. Recently, the research on oversea MA in China from the financial standpoint is still a new field which few have stepped in. However, the study of them has several practical and academic values. This dissertation will analyze these financial problems and hence help Chinese enterprises to make clear their own positions in the world and provide helpful experience and constructive advice in order to promote the further development of Chinese enterprises M;A. moreover, this dissertation is also aimed to fill in the academic blanks in Chinese research on this field and offer some useful references for the subsequent scholars. 2. Literature review2.1The definition and type of oversea Merger and Acquisition Oversea Merger and Acquisition is the strategic behaviors to adjust the borders and scale of enterprises, which can improve the core competitiveness and improve the sustainable profitability. Oversea Merger and Acquisition can divide into three types, that is to say, horizontal merger and acquisition, vertical mergers and acquisitions, and mixed mergers and acquisitions. The horizontal merger is engaged in similar business merger between the two companies in order to enhance economies of scale and market share. The vertical mergers refer to the merger and acquisition activity of expand the companys merger and acquisition prior to or after the merger-related. Mixed merger is the merger and acquisition activity engaged in business activities related to the type of business. 2.2The oversea Merger and Acquisition theory 2.2.1 Motivation theoryThe forces of MA will vary from case to case. However, from the ex isting researches, organizations may conduct MA based on the forces of efficiency, market advantage, descent in trade cost and other factors. Before the descriptions of the following theories, the author identified A Company as the subject that will take over others in the MA and B Company as the object which will be taken over by A. (1) Efficiency theoryWestern scholars received more achievements than Chinese scholars in this field. Weston and other western scholars claimed that corporate MA and replacement of social asset will not only bring potential benefits for the whole society but also result in improvement of efficiency for both the two sides in a deal. Briefly speaking, this theory concludes five secondary theories:The first one is called the theory of synergistic effect on management and it is the incomes arising from increase in efficiency of management through corporate MA activities. This theory proved a positive phenomenon that the improvement in managerial efficiency will bring a growth of corporate profits. This phenomenon can always be seen in the horizontal MA practice. Because the management of resources requires cooperation of certain group and a special managerial method can only perform in a special industry, the synergistic effect will occur when adding the surplus managerial resources of A company to B company whose efficiency of resources organization is relatively low. Lewellen, Loderer Rosenfeld (1985) concluded that there existed a positive relationship between the profits gained by MA and enterprises managerial capacities. This finding supported this theory from other angles and makes this theory more telling. The theory of synergistic effect on operation is the second one. This theory believed that M;A can bring changes in efficiency of operation and the improvement of efficiency will also result in a series of benefits, especially the scale benefit and scope benefit. Unlike the theory of synergistic effect on management, such effect is prevailing on manufactures adopted vertical M;A method. Because manufactures have all kinds of products, the complementary cooperation will create synergistic effects. In addition, owing to taking over several complementary resources from the rivals like the market shares, brands and technologies, synergistic effect on operatio n will also be likely to happen. The third is theory of synergistic effect on finance. This theory convinced that M;A will bring many financial benefits for enterprises. These benefits did always derive from interaction among inherent rules of tax law, accounting treatments practices and securities and this effect usually occurs in the form of pure economic benefits. Myers and Majluf (1984) believed that the financing cost will descend through change the outer financing into inner financing within the field of an enterprise and this way will enhance the synergistic effects on finance and reduce the risks of financing. Next is about diversification theory. It believes that corporate M;A is likely to be caused by the diversification of organizational leaderships and other personnels requirements. Since the organizational leaderships and other personnel can not distract their risks through the capital market like corporate shareholders, they can only turn to diverse kinds of operation in order to increase the benefits of their companies. According to several researches, the diversification of operation in some degree will be doomed to bring about an improvement in corporate performance while an increase in excess will lead to descent in the performance. Generally speaking, diversification can be realized through both M;A and inner development. However, under the context that lacks necessary resources and that industry requirements are saturated, the M;A is a wiser method to capture positive opportunities to realize diversification. Therefore, M;A forced by this factor can exist at any time. The last one is underassessment of true value theory. This theory believes that the happening of M;A is based on the reason that A Company recognized the market prices of B Company was lower than Bs inherent true value. This phenomenon may arise from the following aspects. Firstly, the B Company has not fully developed its own potential. Then maybe the A company has obtained s ome inner information on Bs inherent true value which is not released in public. At last, it may be caused by difference between market price and cost replacement which because of factors like inflation. Tobin J identified the ratio of them as Q-Ratio namely the ratio between stock price and replace cost. When the Q-Ratio of B Company is higher than one, the possibility of M;A is lower. Otherwise the possibility of being taken over is higher. Should We Have Dropped The Atomic Bomb? EssayUnbalance in foreign investment theory: this argument was proposed by Thomas W. Roehl in the year of 2001. Roehl demonstrated the importance of FDI during the forming process of corporate competitive advantages from the perspective of balance of corporate asset. This theory suggests that those enterprises with relative unbalance of assets like the lack of technological advantages and the lack of ability to scaled economic benefits should adopt the manner of FDI to gain the compensative assets in the foreign markets and hence to balance its corporate assets, greatly improve competitive abilities and fundamentally enhance its strategic situation. Therefore, FDI is an effective way for inferior enterprises in developing countries to enhance their competitive power and catch up with others. 3. Methodology3.1Research PhilosophyThis paper is used the positivism research philosophy. To master the research philosophy can help the researcher have better understanding how choose the research methods to be implementing in the project, so the whole research strategy is clarified. And a better understand of the research philosophy enable us better creative idea in either selection or adaptation of methods which is outside the researchers experience. 3.2Research MethodThere are two distinctive research methods, that is, qualitative and quantitative research methods. The former focuses on the study in which the information that is gathered is done so in a descriptive method. The second method is the quantitative research method. This study will try to incorporate all the needed information and thus will combine both the qualitative and quantitative research method. While the research will be using statistical means for the interpretation of the data, descriptive assessment will also be combined to give the researcher more insight concerning the oversea Merger and Acquisition of China Company. 3.3Data Collection Design3.3.1 Secondary data designThe researcher first identified the scope of the literature, and then searched the information targeted. The sources and the time of the information can be limited for collecting the valuable and the typically significant information, Chinese and foreign languages included. The materials com e from the academic achievement at home and abroad, such as the academic works related and the journal papers. The data base of Academic Research Library of Proudest Company and the sites (www.emeraldinsight.com ) are also used to search for the available things.The researcher inspected and studied the related books and papers carefully, through the library information network and the search engine to guarantee the reliability and validity of the information.Due to the difficulty in obtaining the quantities information, quality information was used in this research. The literature cited in the study, as well as the legal provisions possibly to be used will be marked with the author, provenance, and the date of the publication or the promulgation. The validity and reliability of the data to be used for research were ensured by the author.This project at least needs five or six weeks to be completed. In the first week, the author gathered useful data and literature, discussed with sup ervisor for main directions and then completed literature review, first draft and final version in the time order. 3.3.2 Primary data designFor the dissertation is supposed to use the cases of Lenovo and TCL. The author interviewed with senior mangers and staff in both of them and their competitors as well as some authorized experts in this field to gain more accurate information. The following is about some selected opinions of them:Liu chuan zhi, former President of Lenovo hold it that one crucial factor of this acquisition is that IBM is anxious to set apart its PCD and sell it to Lenovo. And because of this factor, the acquisition is not likely to be replicated. Yang Yuan qing, the present of Lenovo, believes that cooperation of Lenovo and IBM should comprise brand, scale and efficiency. Ward, former IBM PCD president, the incumbent CEO of the new Lenovo, comments that Lenovo and IBM can compliment each other in the intercontinental markets on the basis of IBMs market networkOne of the employees from the former Lenovo also considers the acquisition as a positive move with high risk and hopes that it will turn out to a successOne of the employees from former IBMs PCD is not optimistic about this acquisition and the doubts whether Lenovo is competent of acquiring IBMs PCD and whether Lenovo is able to fairly pay the staff of IBMs PCD, many of whom are thinking of switching jobs. One of the distributors of Lenovo takes the acquisition as a positive thing for Lenovos channels for it will provide Lenovo with more channels as well as deduce Lenovos competitors. Meanwhile, both Lenovo and IBM have to acquaint themselves with each others channels. Dell is the one of the main competitors of Lenovo in Chinese market. The president of Dell forecasts that Lenovos acquisition of IBMs PCD is not likely to achieve success since most cases of acquisition in the PC industry ended up with failureSunqiufang, Marketing Director of AMD, China, states that since both Lenovo and IBM are clients of AMD the acquisition will promote, instead of hampering, cooperation between AMD and Lenovo. To sum up, insiders and distributors are optimistic towards the acquisition while competitors hold pessimistic view about it, employees diverge in this issue and suppliers make a few remarks while perspectives of professional experts from academics are more or less optimistic. Philippe de Marcillac, vice president of IDCs international business views that Lenovo acquired IBMs PCD in a perfect time Timothy Bresnahan, economist from Stanford University considers the acquisition as a inspiring phenomenon when Sino-American relations become increasingly complexChenmingjian, CEO of The East High St. comments that this acquisition is the landmark signifying that Chinese enterprises establish themselves in the global IT industryThe CEO of TCL, Dongsheng Li, said that this period is the most difficult stage in the history of TCL Barron. a famous German economic analyst said, Schineider Electric taken over by TCL has a preserving social image which was considered less advanced than TCL in public. The impulse of quick entry into oversea market and the fetishism of foreign famous brands made TCL spend little time on professional and deliberate examinations, which are doomed to result in lost. 3.4Limitations and further studyConsidering the limitation of the time and the accessible academic resources, it is a not-so-perfect dissertation to express the authors thinking and research works. If there are more enough time and investigation and analysis, there will be a more perfect one.The author knows clearly that the problem that Chinese enterprises face both in the integration process and more importantly, after the integration, is complex and challenging. Chinese oversea M;A activities at present are inclined to fail. The reason leading to the failure is interesting and valuable. From western M;A, Chinese enterprises can learn many things to promote their acquisition more effectively and economically. In the context of fierce industrial competition, how to respond properly to the competitors market activities is also a problem which in this paper is not enough described. In addition, the problems occurring in the process of performance appraisal are also not involved becaus e the lack of necessary materials.The feasibility for Chinese enterprises to conduct oversea MA activities has been proved true and relevant recommendations are also given. However, they are too simple and summarized and academic, further study should pay more attention on the appraisal of these measures. One aim of the system engineering is to study how one organization to suit the uncertain external circumstance by means of adjusting its own objectives and products strategies. For example, in terms of the case of Lenovo, in an atmosphere which stresses the collectivism, how to integrate the Research and Development and Engineering power of IBM PCD and not loss its creativity and inspiration and technology-oriented culture is one of the most important challenges. The low-end brand image Lenovo possesses also needs profound internal changes and revolutions, which needs a comprehensive solution. In this dissertation, there are more assessment and analysis of the acquisition than a cl ear responding strategy, even if the assessment and analysis is the basis of further works. So the further work the author thinks should contain the following four aspects: a comprehensive comparison and learning of different MA cases; a proper response mechanism to the progressive and ambitious market activities; a proper integration of different culture and thinking; how to establish a high-end brand image using comprehensive methods such as the ads, the cooperation with the sports activities. In conclusion, the further work can focus on the formation and implementation of a clear and comprehensive acquisition strategy. 4. findings and discussion4.1case study :overseas M A of TCL Group 4.1.1 brief introduction of TCL Group4.1.2 overseas M A Events of TCL Group4.2overseas M A of color TV of TCL Group4.2.1 industry background 4.2.2 overseas Mergers and acquisitions of Schneider 4.2.2.1 brief introduction of transactions each other 4.2.2.2 M A process of TCL Schneider 4.2.2.3 motives analysis of TCL M A Schneider4.2.2.4 findings and discussion on the TCL Schneider merger (1)The feasibility of oversea MA for TCL Schneider mergerAnalyses from the angle of motivation theoryAnalyses from the angle of FDI theory(2) Financial strategic problems in oversea MA activitiesBasic knowledge of financial strategyTypical findings in China(3)Chinese enterprises financial strategic problems in oversea M;A activitiesFinancial environment of oversea M;AFinancial strategies of oversea M;A(4) problems of TCL M ; A SchneiderThe selection of B (the objective in M;A) is inappropriateThe price is unreasonableLack the abil ity to control the financial risksMuch trouble in integration after M;ALack of the assist of professional intermediaries(5)Risks of M;AGlobal findingsAnalyses of Chinese enterprises MA risksChapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation5.1 Overseas M A strategic choice 5.2 Partner Selection 5.3 The target companys assets assessment 5.4 Overseas M ; A low-key strategy 5.5 Overseas M ; A Cultural IntegrationReferences